Local and Spinal Anaesthesia

Minimum effective local anaesthetic dose for spinal anaesthesia.

Editor—In their response 1 to my criticisms 2 of their paper 3 Sell and colleagues accept some of my points, and refute others. On most of the latter we will simply have to agree to differ, but, not surprisingly , I cannot accept their quoting my own review 4 in support of their belief that the solutions which they used were isobaric! Their quote from the article ('Given the normal variation [o...

Spinal anaesthesia.

Spinal anaesthesia is normally performed by puncture of the dura and arachnoid mater in the lumbar region, and local anaesthetic is introduced directly into the eerebrospinal fluid (CSF) surrounding the nerve roots and spinal cord. The solution will spread longitudinally through the CSF and the drug will be taken up by the neuronal tissue. Whether an effective concentration results in a particu...

Spinal Anaesthesia in Spinal Surgery

Local Anaesthesia.

This article describes current concepts in the mechanism of action of local anaesthetic drugs and discusses recent advances in the equipment and drugs that may be used to provide intra-oral anaesthesia.

Spinal Anaesthesia: Teaching and Assessment

As performance assessment in medicine moves into a competence-based era there is a need to develop procedure-specific tools for evaluating technical ability. Spinal anaesthesia is one of the fundamental skills of the practicing anaesthetist. Changes in learning opportunities for trainees over the last decade mandates a change in the way practical skills are taught and assessed. In order to opti...